Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

This fundamental topic establishes the building blocks of matter, detailing the composition of atoms via protons, neutrons, and electrons, and the historical evolution of atomic models from the plum pudding to the nuclear model. It explores the definition of isotopes and the calculation of relative atomic mass based on abundance. Crucially, it links electronic structure to the arrangement of the Periodic Table, explaining how the position of an element determines its chemical properties and trends, particularly within Groups 1, 7, and 0.